MÜNCHEN - The exploration and utilization of the Moon as a resource for space travel is gaining significant traction. Various nations and private enterprises are planning to exploit the Moon not only as a launchpad for further space missions but also to harness its resources.
The concept of using the Moon as a source of valuable materials is no longer science fiction. An increasing number of countries and private companies are focusing on the lunar surface to mine resources such as rare earth elements and helium-3. These materials could alleviate the dwindling resources on Earth and serve as the foundation for a thriving lunar economy.
Transporting essential goods like water and fuel from Earth to the Moon is extremely costly, with a liter of water costing up to €50,000. Therefore, extracting water directly on the Moon is of great interest. Ice and other water-containing materials could be extracted and utilized as drinking water or for building insulation to shield against harmful space radiation.
The potential to split water into hydrogen and oxygen presents further opportunities. These elements could serve as energy sources or breathable air, enabling spacecraft to refuel on-site. This would facilitate not only the return journey to Earth but also missions into deep space.
Another aspect of lunar mining is the utilization of lunar regolith, which could be processed into bricks for constructing buildings and roads on the Moon. Both the USA and China are intensively researching technologies to realize this vision.
Particular attention is being paid to the extraction of helium-3, an isotope that occurs in minimal amounts on Earth. Helium-3 could provide a clean energy source to meet the growing energy demands of Earth. The private space company Interlune plans to commence helium-3 mining by 2030, with the first exploratory mission scheduled for 2026.
However, lunar mining also presents challenges. The lack of an atmosphere allows dust to be widely dispersed, potentially causing visible changes to the lunar surface. Controlling lunar dust will be a crucial factor for sustainable mining practices.
The working conditions for miners on the Moon are also challenging. Low gravity poses health risks, such as bone and muscle loss, while exposure to cosmic radiation increases the risk of various cancers. Isolation and psychological stress are additional factors that need consideration.
Monitoring worker rights and safety standards from Earth could complicate enforcement. British astrobiologist Charles S. Cockell warns of the potential for tyranny in space, as powerful individuals might exploit the situation to exert pressure on workers.