Nokia, in collaboration with Intuitive Machines, is set to launch the first 4G mobile network on the Moon as part of the IM-2 mission from Kennedy Space Center in early 2025. The network aims to enhance communication on the lunar surface.
The lunar network, integrated into the Athena lander, is designed to withstand the stresses of launch, landing, and the harsh lunar environment. Nokia's Lunar Surface Communication System (LSCS) utilizes 4G/LTE technology, adapted for lunar conditions.
The network will connect the lander with two rovers: Intuitive Machines' Micro-Nova Hopper and Lunar Outpost's MAPP, which will explore the Moon's south pole. Nokia anticipates that real-time transmission of images of frozen water from the Moon could be a groundbreaking achievement, as lunar ice may be crucial for generating oxygen and fuel for future missions.
Nokia Bell Labs has rigorously tested the system to ensure functionality in extreme temperatures. Each mounting point is thermally insulated to operate in the deep space's low temperatures.
The Lunar Outpost rover will investigate the Shackleton Connecting Ridge area, while the Micro-Nova Hopper will explore a crater for potential ice samples. Intuitive Machines will relay data back to Earth for immediate analysis.
This initiative is part of NASA's Tipping Point program, which fosters collaboration between private companies and the U.S. space agency to advance space exploration. The lunar 4G network will not only improve lunar surface communications but also enable high-definition image transmission and telemetry for lunar vehicles.