A NASA satellite has detected unusual frozen structures resembling giant 'beans' on the dunes of Mars. These formations are visible in the northern hemisphere and are expected to remain until spring.
The images, captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), reveal that the dunes appear stationary, despite typically migrating due to wind activity. The presence of a carbon dioxide frost covering the dunes during winter inhibits movement until the spring thaw.
Researchers believe that studying these Martian 'beans' could provide insights into the historical presence of water on the planet, which is essential for supporting life. Although the frost consists of carbon dioxide, its formation may indicate conditions that could have allowed water to exist on the surface for extended periods.
Scientists note that the concentration of carbon dioxide on Mars fluctuates based on its axial tilt in relation to the Sun. Unlike Earth, which has a slight axial tilt leading to seasonal changes, Mars experiences significant variations in tilt over millennia, affecting its climatic conditions.
When Mars is tilted at a greater angle, carbon dioxide ice transitions to gas across the planet, potentially leading to a thicker atmosphere. Such conditions might have been sufficient to sustain liquid water for longer durations.
Enhanced understanding of carbon dioxide dynamics on Mars could lead to improved predictions regarding the planet's past climate, according to experts.