A groundbreaking international study involving 120 scientists from 27 countries has provided crucial insights into how plants in drylands have adapted to extreme habitats. Published in the journal Nature, the research highlights significant implications for biodiversity protection as the planet faces increasing aridity.
Over eight years, researchers collected samples from hundreds of dryland plots across six continents, analyzing over 1,300 observations of more than 300 plant species. Surprisingly, the study found that plant diversity in arid zones increases with aridity, showcasing a unique resilience that could be pivotal in the face of climate change.
In South Africa, where 85% of the land is classified as drylands, researchers contributed valuable data from regions like the Karoo. Professor Peter le Roux noted that these areas, including the Succulent Karoo, host a rich variety of flora, with many species endemic to the region.
Drylands cover 45% of Earth's terrestrial area, housing a third of the global population. Yet, they are underrepresented in biodiversity studies, making this research essential for understanding how these ecosystems will respond to climate pressures.
In another urgent initiative, the project 'Amazonía Emprende' in Colombia aims to combat deforestation by restoring degraded lands. Since 2019, the project has successfully planted over 13,000 native trees and educated local communities on sustainable practices. This initiative highlights the importance of community involvement in biodiversity conservation.
Meanwhile, Brazil's Chamber of Deputies is moving to strengthen penalties for crimes against wildlife, reflecting a growing recognition of the need for better protection of fauna amid rising environmental threats.