Archaeologists examining over 700 burials in Austria have discovered significant genetic differences between communities. Despite these differences, researchers note a peaceful coexistence over six generations.
Recent archaeogenetic research analyzed the remains of more than 700 individuals from the early Middle Ages. Findings based on burials in Mödling and Leobersdorf, Austria, revealed new details about the origins and cultural dynamics of the ancient population in the region.
The study identified striking genetic differences between the two communities. Individuals in Leobersdorf exhibited predominantly East Asian genetic markers, while residents of Mödling had European ancestry.
Despite differing origins, these groups coexisted for six generations, exchanging cultural practices and burial traditions. This research is part of the European Research Council project “HistoGenes,” focusing on the Avar period of the 8th century CE, when East Asian steppe communities settled in Central-Eastern Europe alongside the local population.
For decades, the origins of the individuals buried in these locations remained a mystery. Were they direct descendants of Avar conquerors or a mixture of local and incoming populations? Genetic analysis of over 500 graves in Mödling and nearly 150 in Leobersdorf provided answers.
The study revealed clear genetic differences that could not be discerned from archaeological data alone. Geneticist Ke Wang stated, “The genetic difference between these groups was very clear and consistent for most individuals at these sites.”
Interestingly, cultural integration persisted despite genetic differences. Historian Walter Paul noted that both communities adopted Avar identity, sharing similar lifestyles and cultural symbols.
Doris Pani-Kuchera, an anthropologist, also emphasized the peaceful nature of this era, stating, “We found no combat injuries on the skeletons, and there are almost no signs of defects.”
The research also uncovered complex familial connections. Researchers reconstructed lineages spanning six generations, noting that most individuals had shared biological ties, yet no evidence of inbreeding was found.
Geneticist Zuzana Hofmanova remarked, “The large number of genetic connections allowed us to reconstruct modern lineages over six generations at each site.”
Another key finding was the role of women in these communities. Mothers in Leobersdorf likely originated from East Asian regions, while mothers in Mödling had European roots. Despite these differences, both groups maintained their cultural identity, indicating mutual respect and shared status.
Johannes Krause, director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, highlighted the significance of the study, stating, “The Mödling burials are among the largest ever genetically analyzed, and such results hold great potential for future research across various disciplines.”