Engineers at the University of Florida have created a microfluidic device designed to enhance DNA purification processes, potentially transforming DNA research and patient diagnostics.
This lab-on-a-chip technology miniaturizes complex laboratory tasks, such as mixing and separating samples, into devices comparable in size to a microscope slide. The research team, including professors Jason Butler and Tony Ladd, along with Ph.D. candidate Jiayi Wang, detailed their findings in the paper "Microfluidic Purification of Genomic DNA," published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The purification process is critical for removing contaminants from DNA samples, ensuring the integrity of genetic material and improving accuracy. Traditional methods often lead to DNA fragmentation due to the stresses of centrifugation or fluid flow. The UF team's microfluidic approach aims to minimize this damage.
The development of this device traces back to 2006, with significant contributions from various Ph.D. students. Ladd acknowledged Wang's critical role in achieving the purification and demonstrating its effectiveness through biochemical assays.
The microfluidic device operates by using fluid flow and electric fields to direct contaminated DNA solutions through a narrow channel, approximately 100 microns square. This design allows the DNA to align against the channel walls while other sample components are carried away.
Butler noted the broader implications of this research, stating, "DNA sequencing can be used to identify diseases, such as cancer." He emphasized that the simplified sample preparation could facilitate the adoption of long-read sequencers, which analyze longer DNA strands without fragmentation.
Wang, who is set to graduate in May, reflected on her experience, stating, "The most valuable lesson from this experience was learning how to tackle challenges while maintaining a positive attitude, even in tough situations." Her work will continue beyond graduation.