Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve (RBM), the largest protected area in the country, is celebrating its 35th anniversary. Established in 1990, the RBM spans over two million hectares, representing approximately 20% of Guatemala's territory. It is a vital sanctuary for a diverse array of ecosystems, fauna, flora, and Mayan archaeological sites, making it a cornerstone of the country's natural and cultural heritage.
The RBM is divided into three main zones: a strict protection zone, a multiple-use zone, and a buffer zone. This zoning system ensures sustainable management and conservation efforts. The reserve is home to an impressive array of species, including 2,800 vascular plant species (34% of Guatemala's total), 513 bird species (71% of the country's total), and a significant portion of Guatemala's mammal, reptile, and amphibian populations. The RBM also plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration, storing 569.5 million tons of CO2, contributing to global climate regulation.
The RBM's karst terrain has shaped a network of water bodies essential to the region. It is the headwaters of three major international watersheds, including the Gulf of Mexico watershed, which encompasses the San Pedro River basin, and the Caribbean Sea watershed, featuring the Azul River basin. The Yucatán platform and the southern folds of the reserve have formed numerous lagoons and water bodies, whose levels fluctuate up to two meters between seasons, highlighting the area's hydrological and climatic significance.
The National Council of Protected Areas (CONAP) is the governing body responsible for the management and protection of the RBM, working in coordination with various national and international organizations. The RBM's Master Plan outlines strategies for mitigating threats such as deforestation, species trafficking, and land encroachment. It also promotes sustainable development through ecotourism, environmental education, and scientific research.
The Maya Biosphere Reserve stands as a testament to Guatemala's natural and cultural wealth. Its protection is essential not only for biodiversity but also for the well-being of future generations.