Mount Erebus, located in Antarctica, stands as one of the world's rarest volcanoes, reaching a height of 3,794 meters. Known for its constant activity, it also exhibits a remarkable phenomenon: it emits gold particles into the atmosphere daily, producing approximately 80 grams of gold, equivalent to about 5,500 euros.
The gold particles, measuring between 0.1 and 20 micrometers, are carried by volcanic gases and can be deposited up to 1,000 kilometers away. This occurs due to the thin crust in the region, which facilitates magma ascent and the release of metal-rich gases. The gold crystallizes when these gases interact with the cold, dry Antarctic environment.
Mount Erebus features a unique lava lake that has been bubbling since 1972, a phenomenon requiring specific geological conditions not found elsewhere. Its magma is low in water content, making it less volatile and allowing it to flow more easily to the surface. Scientists continue to study this volcano to understand why the lava lake has remained active for thousands of years.
Despite its gold production, Mount Erebus poses significant dangers. Strombolian eruptions can launch volcanic bombs—fragments of molten rock that cool in the air and fall rapidly. The continuous magma flow increases the risk of more violent eruptions.
A major eruption could have far-reaching impacts, with fine particles traveling thousands of kilometers, affecting air quality and contributing to temporary climate changes. Discovered in 1841 by Captain James Clark Ross, Mount Erebus has witnessed tragic events, including a 1979 plane crash that resulted in 257 fatalities.
While the idea of a volcano spewing gold is intriguing, its contribution to the global gold market is negligible, producing only 80 grams compared to the annual global production of 3,000 tons. Moreover, the costs of extraction and transport in such an inhospitable environment would far exceed the value of the collected gold.
Mount Erebus exemplifies how natural treasures come with their own challenges, remaining a fascinating and curious volcano.