Robotics is advancing with systems capable of autonomously changing shape and function. Metamorphic robots, combining modular engineering with AI, adapt to changing environments and tasks. These robots, also known as reconfigurable robots, consist of independent modules that can reorganize to modify the system's structure, unlike traditional fixed-shape robots. This technology draws inspiration from nature, where cells combine to form organisms with specific functions.
Research projects like M-TRAN and PolyBot have demonstrated how independent modules can unite and separate to generate different configurations, adapting to irregular terrains or confined spaces. ShapeBots explore swarms of robots that can alter their form individually or collectively to display information or manipulate objects. Applications range from space exploration to rescue operations, where adaptability is crucial. However, challenges remain in module design, control, energy efficiency, and AI integration. Continuous development in materials, sensors, and manufacturing techniques could lead to robots that transform, learn, and evolve based on their experiences.