Progressive education, a philosophy that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizes student-centered learning, experiential activities, and the development of critical thinking skills. This approach contrasts with traditional methods that focus on rote memorization and teacher-directed instruction.
One prominent figure in progressive education was John Dewey, who believed that education should be a process of active learning and problem-solving. He advocated for hands-on experiences and real-world applications of knowledge. Dewey's ideas influenced the development of progressive schools, such as the Laboratory School at the University of Chicago, which served as a model for other institutions.
The progressive movement gained momentum in the 1920s and 1930s, with the rise of progressive educators like Maria Montessori and Jean Piaget. Montessori developed a system of self-directed learning based on observation and exploration, while Piaget's theories on cognitive development highlighted the importance of play and hands-on activities in learning.