Greenland has emerged as a focal point in global geopolitics, drawing attention to its vast resources and strategic position. As of January 2025, the Arctic region is poised to become one of the most contested areas on the planet, following Africa.
Recent maps highlight the concept of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), which extend up to 200 nautical miles from a country's coastline, granting rights to exploit marine resources. This framework, established by the United Nations in 1982, has led to increasing tensions, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Currently, Russia holds the largest share of the Arctic, extending from the Bering Strait to the Kola Peninsula. Canada follows with its Arctic Archipelago, comprising over 36,000 islands. Greenland, under Danish sovereignty, has become a sought-after territory due to its potential economic advantages.
The United States, represented by Alaska, has a limited presence in this region. However, under the leadership of Donald Trump, there are ambitions to expand its influence, particularly in light of recent developments indicating increased navigation through Russian waters.
China's recent maritime activities, including the passage of cargo ships through Arctic routes without icebreaker assistance, have raised alarms in Washington, indicating a shift in power dynamics.
In response, the European Union is contemplating the establishment of a European Arctic Consortium to enhance its presence and influence in the region, especially given Greenland's unique status as a non-EU territory with ties to Denmark.
The unfolding situation in the Arctic reflects broader geopolitical strategies and the race for natural resources, positioning Greenland as a critical player in the global arena.