The term "neurodivergence" refers to different brain functions that deviate from typical, or "neurotypical," functions. While neurodivergence can take many forms, body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) often indicate these differences.
Some of these behaviors are associated with various diagnoses, such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
According to experts, the following are seven behaviors that may signal neurodivergence:
Skin Picking: Known as dermatillomania, this behavior involves the persistent urge to pick at one's skin, whether it be blemishes or wounds. It is often linked to OCD, ADHD, or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Individuals may seek relief or satisfaction through this habit, which, in excessive amounts, can lead to skin damage.
Hair Pulling: Trichotillomania refers to the continuous pulling of hair from various parts of the body, such as the scalp, eyelashes, or eyebrows. This behavior, which can lead to hair loss, is associated with OCD, ADHD, and autism. Often, individuals are unaware they are pulling their hair, highlighting the unconscious aspect of these BFRBs.
Toe Walking: Walking on the toes instead of the heels is commonly seen in children but can also occur in adults. While this habit has been linked to autism, it is important to consider other possible causes, such as undiagnosed injuries. In cases of neurodivergence, this habit may serve as a self-regulation method.
Cheek Biting: Biting the inner cheeks can be another repetitive behavior associated with OCD. This habit often leads to sores or ulcers in the mouth and can worsen gum and dental health. It typically expresses anxiety or nervousness, though in some cases, it is unconscious.
Nail Biting: Known as onychophagia, this behavior may be linked to OCD. While many people bite their nails for reasons unrelated to neurodivergence, such as stress or boredom, for neurodivergent individuals, this habit may function as a means of managing sensory perceptions or self-regulation.
Joint Cracking: The constant tendency to crack finger joints is also associated with OCD. This behavior can involve not only the fingers but also other joints, such as the neck, potentially leading to injuries. The need for the sensation of "relief" through these movements may be connected to anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Specific Sleeping Position: A behavior noted by the neurodivergent community is sleeping with hands in a particular position, where the wrists are bent under the chin. While it is difficult to determine if this position directly relates to neurodivergence, it is a habit often reported by individuals who identify as neurodivergent.
The term neurodivergence encompasses a spectrum of different brain functioning and behaviors. Just because someone exhibits one or more of these behaviors does not necessarily mean they are neurodivergent. A mental health professional can help individuals determine if they are neurodivergent, but one can also self-identify as such.
"It’s not something that needs to be formalized by a professional," emphasizes psychologist Susan Albers from the Cleveland Clinic, speaking to Very Well Health. She notes that understanding that one thinks differently is not necessarily a negative thing. Accepting these differences can enhance the quality of life for individuals. "When we start to examine the differences in how people’s brains function, [we see] that it’s not always negative to think differently," she emphasizes.
For those looking to change or adapt their repetitive behaviors, seeking help from a therapist is crucial. Therapists can suggest replacement behaviors that provide the same sensory experience without being harmful. "What we talk about [in these sessions] is a replacement behavior, something that is less harmful yet has the same sensory experience" for the individual, notes Susan Albers. For instance, some people find it soothing to apply ice to their skin instead of scratching or picking at it.
Understanding and recognizing these behaviors as potential signs of neurodivergence is a step towards accepting diversity and understanding the needs of individuals who think and behave differently.