On October 6, Kazakhstan will hold a pivotal referendum asking citizens whether they support the construction of a nuclear power plant in the country. The outcome will significantly influence Kazakhstan's energy strategy, determining if the nation will proceed with nuclear energy development or seek alternative energy sources in line with its 2023 carbon neutrality goals for 2060.
Prior to the referendum, a telephone poll conducted by the Kazakhstan Institute of Public Development indicated that 64% of eligible voters intend to participate, with over 67% of those planning to vote in favor of the nuclear project. However, the discussions surrounding the referendum have been heated, particularly on social media, where many express concerns about potential nuclear accidents.
Opponents of the nuclear initiative, including environmentalists and human rights advocates, argue against the project, citing fears of disasters similar to Chernobyl. They emphasize the ecological importance of Lake Balkhash, located 360 kilometers from Almaty, where the proposed plant would be built. Activists have voiced strong objections, warning that construction could jeopardize the unique water body.
Proponents of the nuclear power plant assert that Kazakhstan has lost its energy independence, importing up to 30% of its electricity during peak demand. They argue that the aging coal-fired power plants, which produce 80% of the country's electricity, are inadequate for future needs. Supporters claim that a nuclear facility, powered by domestic uranium, could address energy shortages and help meet carbon neutrality commitments made by President Tokayev at the UN in 2021.
International observers from organizations such as the CIS and SCO will monitor the voting process, which will occur at 10,325 polling stations domestically and abroad. Notably, the OSCE has opted not to send observers. The referendum's outcome could set a significant precedent for Kazakhstan's energy policy and environmental management.