The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus), found in the cold depths of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, is believed to be one of the longest-living vertebrates. A 2016 study indicated that some individuals can reach ages of up to 400 years, with one shark possibly swimming through the ocean since 1627.
German biologists have advanced research to uncover the secrets of the shark's longevity. According to CNN, scientists have successfully sequenced 92% of the genome of this remarkable fish.
In addition to its impressive lifespan, the Greenland shark grows at a rate of just one centimeter per year, ultimately reaching lengths of six meters over centuries. Sexual maturity is not achieved until around 100 years of age. The genomic analysis also revealed an exceptional length, surpassing that of other known shark species. This may be linked to the shark's ability to repair its DNA.
Approximately 70% of the shark's genome consists of so-called 'jumping genes,' which are often associated with mutation risks and diseases. However, in the case of the Greenland shark, these genes appear to aid in the repair of damaged DNA. Dr. Arne Zamm, a co-author of the study, notes that this ability may help preserve the genome and prevent the destructive effects of mutations.
The findings provide hope that studying such long-lived species could assist humanity in slowing aging processes. While the shark's genome is quite different from that of humans, it opens up new possibilities.
Dr. Vera Gorbunova suggests, 'Perhaps we can develop a drug that would enable the human gene to function like that of the Greenland shark, enhancing DNA repair.' While this may not grant us centuries of life, it could help maintain health and prevent age-related diseases.