In a remarkable discovery, researchers from the National Museum of Costa Rica have identified three new plant species, enhancing the country's biodiversity. The newly documented species include Miconia rupicola Gleason, Phyllanthus elsiae, and Coccoloba williamsii Standl., the latter popularly known as 'papaturro.'
Previously noted in Nicaragua and Panama, the first two species were only recently confirmed in Costa Rica, while Coccoloba williamsii marks its first record in Mesoamerica, previously confined to Peru and Colombia.
These species play essential roles in local ecosystems. Miconia rupicola and Coccoloba williamsii provide vital food sources for various wildlife, including insects and birds, while the fruits of C. williamsii are also edible for humans.
Phyllanthus elsiae is particularly notable for its potential in medical research, with relatives known for their antitumor properties, highlighting its importance for pharmaceutical studies.
The first record of Coccoloba williamsii was documented in Pocares and La Valeria, located in the plains of Parrita, Puntarenas. This tree, which can reach heights of 7-10 meters, thrives in river margins and floodplains, and is utilized by farmers for live fencing and providing shade for livestock.
Researcher Armando Estrada noted that flowering occurs from May to June and again in December, attracting a variety of pollinators including butterflies and bees. The tree's ornamental potential is also significant, making it a valuable addition to urban landscapes.
Miconia rupicola, an uncommon shrub, has been recorded in coastal habitats and is now known to exist within the Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica. This species flowers year-round and extends from Nicaragua to Peru.
Meanwhile, Phyllanthus elsiae was discovered during a field trip near the Negro Estuary between Limón and Cahuita, emphasizing the importance of ongoing scientific exploration in preserving the region's rich biodiversity.