January 2025 witnessed a record-breaking global average air temperature, marking the hottest January on record. The average temperature reached 13.23 degrees Celsius, surpassing the 1991-2020 average by 0.79 degrees Celsius. This figure also represents a 1.75 degrees Celsius increase above pre-industrial levels. Notably, this marks the 19th consecutive month with temperatures exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
The average sea water temperature in January 2025 reached 20.78 degrees Celsius, exceeding the previous January record by 0.19 degrees Celsius. This makes it the second highest average sea temperature recorded for January, remaining below 100 degrees Celsius. Sea water temperatures are a crucial indicator of climate change and have significant impacts on ecosystems.
Climate experts highlight the role of weather events like El Niño and La Niña in influencing global temperatures. Professor Levent Kurnaz, Director of the Climate Change and Policy Application and Research Center at Boğaziçi University, emphasizes the Pacific Ocean's influence on global temperature averages. When the Pacific Ocean is warm, global temperatures tend to rise.
The record-breaking January temperatures, despite the cold Pacific Ocean waters, have surprised scientists. This unexpected situation underscores the complexity and unpredictability of climate change. Professor Kurnaz suggests that the probability of encountering new temperature records in February is low, particularly in Turkey. Based on recent temperature trends, temperatures are expected to moderate from the beginning of February.
Despite the ongoing La Niña effect in the Pacific Ocean, the breaking of temperature records increases the likelihood of higher temperatures in the future. A transition from La Niña to El Niño could further amplify warming, but for now, a strong La Niña is not anticipated, and excessive temperature increases are not expected.
Combating climate change requires a concerted effort to transition to sustainable energy sources and reduce carbon emissions. Renewable energy offers an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Individuals and societies alike must prioritize environmental sustainability through energy efficiency, waste management, and the adoption of green technologies.
Climate change is a profound process affecting both human life and nature. The rise in global temperatures, sea water temperatures, and the variability of weather events are tangible consequences of climate change. Scientific research plays a crucial role in understanding this phenomenon, and every step taken to combat climate change is vital for our future.