A multinational team of scientists has identified the genes responsible for the ability of Eurasian shrews to reduce their brain size during colder seasons. The study was published in the journal eLife.
Researchers from the United States, Germany, and Denmark highlighted the 'Denley phenomenon,' where the Eurasian shrew (Sorex araneus) can decrease its brain size by 18 percent in winter, a survival adaptation. The team investigated gene expression in the hypothalamus of shrews, comparing it with gene changes in 25 mammal species. Understanding these processes may provide insights into brain function and aid in combating various human diseases.
The study revealed that the 'Denley phenomenon' is linked to genes that regulate energy homeostasis and manage cellular functions, including membrane protein processing. Notably, connections were found between shrew genes and human genes associated with obesity and Alzheimer’s disease. The ability of these animals to intentionally reduce their brain size may offer deeper insights for diagnosing and treating cognitive decline.