The asteroid Apophis, nicknamed the "god of chaos," will make a close approach to Earth on April 13, 2029, coming within 32,000 kilometers. Discovered in June 2004, this celestial body, measuring 335 meters in diameter, was classified as "potentially hazardous" due to its size and proximity.
Initially, scientists estimated a 2% chance of impact with Earth. The gravitational interaction between Apophis and our planet could significantly alter the asteroid's trajectory, potentially deforming or fragmenting it. Following its close encounter in 2029, Apophis's orbital period will change from 0.9 years to 1.2 years, which may increase the likelihood of impact in the coming century.
Interest in Apophis extends beyond its proximity; potential consequences of an impact are significant. NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) refer to it as the "god of chaos," drawing from Apophis, the serpentine god of darkness in Egyptian mythology, associated with malevolent forces.
A collision with Earth could have devastating global effects. Currently, two missions are underway to study the asteroid. The first is the RAMSES mission, led by ESA, which will monitor Apophis during its interaction with Earth's gravitational field to analyze changes in its orbit and structure.
Meanwhile, NASA is developing the OSIRIS-APEX mission, which will send a probe to approach within five meters of Apophis's surface. This vehicle will conduct detailed mapping using images, spectrometers, and a laser altimeter to gather crucial information about the asteroid's composition and behavior.
The astronomical event in 2029 will be historic, providing a unique opportunity to study this "god of chaos" and prepare for potential future risks.