Mangroves, often overlooked and undervalued, play a crucial role as guardians of coastal biodiversity worldwide. These unique ecosystems, characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs, provide habitats for many flora and fauna, offer invaluable services to local communities, and contribute significantly to global conservation efforts.
The biodiversity harbored within mangrove forests is of paramount importance. These ecosystems serve as nurseries and habitats for a diverse array of marine and terrestrial species. In coastal areas, mangroves act as buffers against storm surges and coastal erosion, protecting inland communities and infrastructure.
With mangroves covering 4,975 square km of India's coastline, the country accounts for three percent of global mangrove coverage and eight percent of Asia's mangrove forest area. The Bay of Bengal coastline is home to India's largest mangrove forest, with 60 percent of its mangrove cover concentrated there because of the Sundarbans.
Mangroves provide livelihood opportunities for coastal populations, particularly through fishing and ecotourism. They act as natural fish nurseries, ensuring sustainable fish stocks that support the livelihoods of thousands of fishing families. According to UNEP estimates, mangroves contribute $33-57,000 per hectare to the national economies of developing countries every year.
Beyond economic benefits, mangroves offer cultural and recreational value, fostering a connection to nature that is integral to the identity of coastal communities. Notably, the state of Gujarat hosts the second-largest mangrove cover in the country, expanding its cover from 397 square kilometers in 1991 to 1,175 square kilometers by 2021.
Globally, mangroves stand as beacons of conservation, embodying the interconnectedness of ecological health and human well-being. As we navigate an era of environmental challenges, recognizing and protecting mangroves is not just an option but a necessity for a sustainable future. Their conservation warrants our attention and action, ensuring that these invaluable ecosystems thrive for generations to come.