A new study highlights the potential of increasing plant diversity in agriculture to enhance carbon sequestration in soils. As the agricultural sector seeks to minimize its carbon footprint, promoting biodiversity may serve as a pivotal strategy for sustainable food production.
With over 40% of the planet's land dedicated to farming, the need for agroecosystems to contribute to climate mitigation is pressing. The research, led by Luiz Domeignoz-Horta from the University of Zurich, focuses on the TwinWin experiment in Finland, examining the impact of plant diversity on microbial processes in soil.
The study involved growing barley in various combinations with up to eight different plant species, including those that fix nitrogen and have deep roots. Researchers measured microbial carbon use efficiency to assess how effectively microbes convert carbon inputs into biomass rather than releasing it as CO₂.
Findings revealed that higher plant diversity fostered beneficial interactions among soil microbes, enhancing carbon retention. Additionally, plant diversity increased overall biomass production without compromising barley yields, suggesting a viable approach to improve soil health while maintaining agricultural output.
Domeignoz-Horta emphasized that while implementing diverse crop mixtures can be labor-intensive, especially for small-scale farmers, supportive policies could facilitate the adoption of such practices. This approach could ultimately contribute to 'carbon farming,' aiding in carbon sequestration and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.