The asteroid 99942 Apophis, known as the "God of Chaos," will pass remarkably close to Earth on April 13, 2029, at a distance of approximately 19,794 miles. Discovered in 2004, Apophis initially raised alarm due to potential collision risks, but recent calculations have confirmed its safe trajectory.
Originally identified by astronomers Roy Tucker, David Tholen, and Fabrizio Bernardi, Apophis was once considered one of the most hazardous near-Earth objects (NEOs). Concerns about possible impacts in both 2029 and 2036 have since been alleviated, with radar observations indicating no impact risk for at least the next century.
This close encounter will present a rare opportunity for astronomers, as Apophis will pass closer than geosynchronous satellites, allowing visibility to observers in the Eastern Hemisphere without telescopes. NASA's OSIRIS-Apophis Explorer (OSIRIS-APEX), previously focused on asteroid Bennu, will be redirected to conduct detailed studies of Apophis during its approach.
Researchers aim to investigate the asteroid's surface composition, shape, and rotational dynamics. The close proximity may also induce "asteroid quakes" due to Earth's gravitational influence. The data collected will be crucial for understanding the formation and history of asteroids.