The Anawilundawa Bird Sanctuary in Sri Lanka, a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, is facing significant threats from invasive species that jeopardize its rich biodiversity. Covering 1,397 hectares, this sanctuary serves as a vital habitat for over 150 species of migratory water birds and various endemic wildlife.
Declared a sanctuary in 1997 and designated as a Ramsar site in 2001, Anawilundawa is a crucial stopover for migratory birds arriving from India. However, the proliferation of invasive plants such as Water Hyacinth, Giant Salvinia, and Water Lettuce is disrupting the delicate ecosystem, threatening both aquatic and terrestrial species.
Conservation biologist Rajika Gamage highlights that the invasive species have created dense mats on the water surface, blocking sunlight and oxygen, which are essential for the survival of native fish and plant species. This rapid growth not only hinders fishing activities but also diminishes birdwatching opportunities, impacting local tourism.
The sanctuary, which has historically supported diverse wildlife, including butterflies and dragonflies, is now at a critical juncture. The survival of species like the Pheasant-Tailed Jacana, which relies on lotus leaves for nesting, is at risk. Without immediate conservation efforts, the unique biodiversity of Anawilundawa may face irreversible damage.
As global awareness of environmental issues grows, the situation at Anawilundawa serves as a stark reminder of the urgent need for conservation initiatives to protect vital ecosystems worldwide.