๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—

ื ืขืจืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™: Svitlana Velhush

๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—-1

ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื’ืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืช. ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืฆืคืŸ ืžืฉืชื’ืข, ื•ื”ืื•ืคืง ื ืžื—ืง ื‘ืื•ื‘ืš ืžืกื ื•ื•ืจ. ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœืฉืงื˜ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืงืœ, ื•ืœืงื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืขืชื™ืงื” ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•. ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก. ื–ื• ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” โ€” ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืคืจืื™ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช.

๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—-1

ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืข ืœื’ื•ืฃ. ื–ื”ื• ืžืกืข ืœื ืฉืžื”, ื”ื›ืžื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื.

๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—-2

โ„๏ธ ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืงืจื— ื•ื”ืื•ืจ

๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—-3

ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืงื•ืจ, ืืœื ื”ืฆื‘ืข. ื”ืงืจื— ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืœื‘ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจ, ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื– ื•ืคื ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ืœื‘. ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจื• ืžืžื“ืคื™ ื”ืงืจื— ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืงืชื“ืจืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืช, ืฉื’ื•ืœืคื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืขืฆืžื•. ื—ืœืงื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘-ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืื—ืจื™ื โ€” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”.

๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—-4

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ (ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืขื–ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื ื™ื) ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืคืกื’ื•ืช ื’ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืงืจื— ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื ืžืชืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืืฉ ื•ืจื•ื“ื” ื•ื–ื”ื•ื‘ื”. ื–ื”ื• ืžื—ื–ื” ืฉืขื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื’ืจื’ืจ ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื.

๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—-5

๐Ÿง ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™

๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—-6

ื ื“ืžื” ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื™ืืžืŸ, ืืš ื‘ื’ื™ื”ื™ื ื•ื ื”ืงืคื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืจื•ื—ืฉืช ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ืขื“ ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ ื•ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื, ืฉื”ืชืจื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืขืฆืžื•.

๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—-7

* ืคื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื: ืžืคื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื“ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื”ื ื‘ืกื•ืคืช ืฉืœื’ื™ื ืขื–ื” ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ -60ยฐC, ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืขืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืงืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ ื”ื’'ื ื˜ื• ื•ื”ืคื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื, ื”ืฆื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืฉื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืงืคื•ืื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืจืคื“ื•ืช.

๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—-8

* ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื: ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™-ืกื ืคื™ืจ, ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ ืžื™ื ืงื™ ื•ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื. ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ-ืกื ืคื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฉื•ื, ื•ื ืขืœื ืฉื•ื‘, ืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืจืง ืžื–ืจืงืช ื ืชื–ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ ืœืชืจื•ืขืชื• โ€” ื–ื”ื• ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ืช.

๐ŸงŠ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงืคื ืœื ืฆื—-9

* ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื™ื: ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื™ื ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืงืจื— ื›ืžืœื›ื™ื ืขืฆืœื™ื, ืื• ื ืžืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืื›ื–ืจื™ื™ื ืืš ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืœื”.

๐Ÿ”๏ธ ื”ื“ ืœืžืฉืœื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช

ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืืช ื–ื›ืจื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉื”ืขื–ื• ืœื”ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ื”. ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืคืื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืงืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืืžื•ื ื“ืกืŸ ื•ืกืงื•ื˜ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื”. ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื”, ื›ื•ื— ืจื•ื— ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื™ืืžืŸ ื•ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืงืจื— ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช.

ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื. ืชื—ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื”ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ื—ื•ืฆื ื™ื™ื, ืคื–ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ืžืžื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื”. ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ื ื–ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืคืขื ื—ื™ื ืืช ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ื”ื—ืœืœ ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.

๐ŸŒ ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช

ืืš ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืื–ื”ืจื”. ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื—ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืืŸ, ืขื ื”ืžืกืช ืžื“ืคื™ ื”ืงืจื— ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ืจืžื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก, ื™ื”ื“ื”ื“ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.

ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื ืžืกื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื”. ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ื–ื•ืขืงืช ื‘ื“ืžืžื” ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœืžื ื•. ื”ื™ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื”, ืืœื ืจืง ืื•ืจื—ื™ื• ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืื•ื“.

โœจ ืืคื™ืœื•ื’: ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ

ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”: "ืงื—ื• ืจืง ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืจืง ืขืงื‘ื•ืช". ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื.

ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื—ื•ืชื. ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉืœื’ ืžื•ื—ืงื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืขื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ื ื—ื•ืชื ื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืžื—ื”. ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื, ืžืœืžื“ืช ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื—ื•ื, ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืืช ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ืฉื•ื.

ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ืจืขืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืฉื ืงืฉื”, ื™ืงืจื” ื•ืžืคืจื›ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืืœื” ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“: "ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื” ืžื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœ'ืœืคื ื™' ื•'ืื—ืจื™'".

ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื—ื›ื”. ืœื ื›ืืชืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™, ืืœื ื›ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืคืจืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื™ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื. ๐Ÿ‹๐ŸงŠ๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ถ

48 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช

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ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืžืฆืืชื ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื• ืื™-ื“ื™ื•ืง?ื”ืขืจื•ืชื™ื›ื ื™ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™.