NASA Developing Space-Based Quantum Gravity Sensor for Earth Observation

NASA is developing the first space-based quantum sensor for measuring gravity, potentially revolutionizing Earth observation. Scheduled for launch near the end of the decade, the Quantum Gravity Gradiometer Pathfinder (QGGPf) aims to map nuances in Earth's gravitational field, correlating them to subterranean features like aquifers and mineral deposits. "We could determine the mass of the Himalayas using atoms," said Jason Hyon, chief technologist for Earth Science at JPL. The QGGPf will use clouds of ultra-cold rubidium atoms as test masses, cooled to near absolute zero, behaving like waves. The instrument will measure the difference in acceleration between these matter waves to locate gravitational anomalies. This approach ensures accuracy over long periods and reduces sensitivity to environmental effects. Smaller and lighter than traditional instruments, QGGPf will be around 0.25 cubic meters in volume and weigh about 125 kilograms. Some estimates suggest that science-grade quantum gravity gradiometer instruments could be up to ten times more sensitive than classical sensors. The technology validation mission will test novel technologies for manipulating light and matter interactions at the atomic scale, with collaborations between NASA, AOSense, Infleqtion, Vector Atomic, and Goddard Space Flight Center. This pathfinder mission could enhance our ability to study Earth, distant planets, and the role gravity plays in shaping the cosmos.