In November 2024, Earth is set to experience two magnetic storms categorized as "red" level, with a K-index of 5. Additionally, periods of moderate storms with a K-index of 4 are anticipated.
According to forecasts from Meteoagent, moderate storms are expected on November 10, 11, and 14, with a similar storm predicted for November 19. However, strong storms with a K-index of 5 are expected on the 23rd and 24th of November.
Meteoagent cites data from NOAA and TESIS satellite systems but notes that the timing and intensity of magnetic storms depend on solar activity, which may lead to slight adjustments in the predicted dates and storm strengths.
NOAA has issued a warning about a solar flare that occurred at 21:20 UTC on October 31. This event was marked by a coronal mass ejection following the eruption of sunspot number 3878. While this ejection is not directed towards Earth, it is sufficiently powerful and may result in a magnetic storm within two to three days.
Geomagnetic storms are caused by solar flares that release charged particles. These particles travel in various directions, with those moving in a specific direction forming a flow known as solar wind.
Solar wind is a constant presence; however, Earth's magnetic field acts as a barrier against it. Geomagnetic storms arise when the solar wind intensifies due to solar flares, increasing pressure on Earth's magnetic field. The fluctuations in Earth's magnetic field are referred to as geomagnetic storms.
The K-index measures the intensity of a magnetic storm. The strength of a storm correlates with the size of the coronal mass ejection. While the exact timing and intensity of solar eruptions remain uncertain, patterns can be predicted based on historical data.
Typically, magnetic disturbances with a K-index of 2 are considered normal for Earth. A K-index of 3 indicates a minor storm, while a K-index of 4 signifies a moderate storm, and 5 or higher indicates a strong storm.
The effects of magnetic storms can be observed visually, often resulting in auroras, or polar lights, which can be seen beyond the poles due to these storms.
However, magnetic storms are frequently associated with potential disruptions, including failures in electrical grids, telecommunications, and navigation systems.
The largest geomagnetic storm recorded occurred in 1859, causing significant disruptions to telegraph operations in Europe and America. A notable storm in 1989 resulted in a massive blackout in Quebec, Canada, affecting six million people.
While scientists debate the health impacts of magnetic storms, medical professionals assert that these storms can adversely affect the well-being of certain individuals. Specifically, those sensitive to weather changes may experience increased headaches, migraines, fatigue, and elevated blood pressure during magnetic storms.
Research has indicated a correlation between geomagnetic activity and an increased risk of stroke in specific populations.
To mitigate the effects of magnetic storms, individuals are advised to take certain precautions.