Antarctica: China and Russia's Polar Ambitions Demand Us Attention

China and Russia are expanding their presence in Antarctica, signaling a potential shift in the geopolitical landscape of the continent. China plans to build its sixth Antarctic polar station, while Russia intends to construct a new station, restore an old one, and build an airfield. These developments raise concerns about the future of the Antarctic Treaty and the potential for great-power competition in the region. The construction and modernization of Antarctic stations allow countries to maintain a presence, project territorial claims, and engage in activities, despite treaty limitations. China's activities, including unreported military personnel and advanced communication equipment at its stations, raise concerns about compliance with the Antarctic Treaty. Chinese strategists view Antarctica as a geopolitical pivot point, aiming to secure resources and expand their influence. The United States needs to strengthen its presence in Antarctica by modernizing stations and increasing air and sea support. A comprehensive U.S. strategy should reinforce support for the Antarctic Treaty while preparing for potential challenges to the existing legal framework. This includes icebreaker construction, increased monitoring, and collaboration with like-minded nations to safeguard U.S. interests in the region.