Antarctica, a 14.2 million square kilometer continent, is a focal point for global powers due to its strategic location and natural resources, despite being unclaimed by any nation. The 1959 treaty, which limited activities to scientific research, faces pressure from growing rivalries. Argentina, with its long-standing presence in Antarctica, is positioned to play a crucial role in the region.
Ushuaia, Argentina, serves as a primary gateway to Antarctica, with ongoing cruises and expeditions departing from the city. Visits by U.S. South Command officials highlight Ushuaia's strategic importance, coinciding with U.S. concerns over China's potential port development in Rio Grande, which could enhance China's access to Antarctica.
Argentina maintains ties with both the U.S. and China, adding complexity to its role. Its Antarctic program dates back to 1904, with territorial claims overlapping those of Chile and the United Kingdom. Argentina participates in international efforts, such as the International Antarctic Coastal Circumnavigation Expedition, which concluded in Rio Grande in February 2025, involving scientists from multiple nations. The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM) will be held in Milan, Italy, from June 23 to July 3, 2025, with the Secretariat based in Buenos Aires, further underscoring Argentina's involvement.