By analyzing art, literature, and music, scientists are reconstructing the psychological traits of past societies, offering a window into historical mindsets and societal norms. This research, utilizing 'cognitive fossils,' helps us understand how human psychology has evolved.
A significant event was the 2025 conference "Cognitive Tools in Action" in Messina, Italy, from May 28 to 30. Scholars explored how cognitive tools, like art and literature, influence and reflect cognitive processes. Keynote speakers included Prof. Giovanna Colombetti and Prof. Vittorio Gallese, who discussed the relationship between cognition and cultural artifacts.
AI-driven analyses are used to detect emotions in paintings. A 2025 study used face detection algorithms to assess artworks' emotional content, showing how societal changes are reflected in art. Text mining techniques analyze literature to quantify personality traits and psychological dimensions.
A 2025 review showed how analyzing historical texts reveals shifts in social trust and openness over time. These interdisciplinary methods highlight the potential of cognitive fossils to deepen our understanding of human psychology across different eras. Modern computational tools reveal patterns previously hidden, offering a more nuanced view of historical human behavior.
However, most artifacts were created by and for the upper classes, which may not fully represent society. Cognitive fossils offer valuable insights but must be interpreted considering their origins. Ultimately, studying cognitive fossils through art and literature helps us understand the psychological landscapes of past societies, enriching our understanding of human history.