The 12-day meeting of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), known as COP16, concluded in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on December 14, 2024, without reaching an agreement on a global response to drought.
Delegates from 196 countries and the European Union discussed the urgent need for a binding protocol to address drought, particularly emphasizing the situation in Africa, where droughts are projected to affect 75% of the population by 2050. Despite significant discussions, parties failed to finalize a binding agreement, with many African representatives expressing disappointment.
UNCCD Executive Secretary Ibrahim Thiaw indicated that more time is needed for parties to agree on effective measures. He mentioned that the groundwork for a future global drought regime is being laid, with plans to complete this initiative at COP17, scheduled for 2026 in Mongolia.
According to a UN report, droughts driven by environmental destruction cost the global economy over $300 billion annually. The discussions in Riyadh highlighted the necessity for stronger preparation and response strategies, especially in developing countries.
Saudi Arabia's Environment Minister Abdulrahman al-Fadley reaffirmed the kingdom's commitment to combat desertification and enhance international cooperation, despite previous criticisms regarding its role in global emissions negotiations.
The UNCCD has called for the restoration of 1.5 billion hectares of land by 2030, requiring an estimated $2.6 trillion in global investments.