The European bison, a symbol of lost wilderness, is making a comeback in Romania after nearly two centuries of absence. Once considered extinct in the wild in the early 19th century, these giants of nature have been reintroduced in the Tarcu Mountains since 2014, as part of an ambitious project coordinated by WWF and Rewilding Europe.
This initiative not only restores an iconic species but also highlights the essential role of bison in the fight against climate change. As a keystone species in natural ecosystems, European bison significantly contribute to carbon capture and storage.
A study conducted by Yale University reveals that these herbivores have a remarkable impact on soil through grazing, fertilization, and trampling. Over a 48-square-kilometer area in the Tarcu Mountains, the bison population has helped capture more than 54,000 tons of carbon emissions—equivalent to the annual emissions of approximately 84,000 gasoline-powered cars. Professor Oswald Schmitz from Yale University explains, "The reintroduction of wildlife can increase ecosystems' capacity to store carbon by up to 90%. Bison, through their impact on soil and vegetation, play a crucial role in this process."
Bison activity supports vegetation regeneration, aids in seed dispersal, and improves soil fertility. Consequently, ecosystems become more resilient to climate change and offer a viable model for biodiversity conservation.
In addition to their ecological importance, European bison hold profound cultural value in Romania. In folklore, these animals have always been symbols of strength and resilience, featured in numerous stories and legends from the Carpathians. Their return signifies not only a victory for nature but also a restoration of the connection between humans and their natural environment.
Romanians now have the opportunity to rediscover ancient stories and traditions related to these impressive animals, providing future generations with a valuable lesson about respect for nature.
The success of bison reintroduction in Romania relies on strict protection and monitoring measures. Habitats are closely monitored to prevent animals from migrating into dangerous areas, and the population is managed to ensure balanced growth.
The model implemented in Romania has begun to inspire other European countries, becoming a successful example in biodiversity conservation. The Global Rewilding Alliance, along with researchers from Yale University, is developing a computer model to analyze the impact of bison reintroduction on carbon capture globally.
The return of European bison to Romania is a sign that protecting nature can go hand in hand with combating climate change. These giants of the wilderness, once thought lost forever, are now powerful allies in efforts to rebuild ecosystems and provide a natural solution to global environmental challenges.