On November 20, 2024, the Alto Purús National Park, the largest protected area in Peru, celebrates its 20th anniversary. Spanning 2.7 million hectares, the park lies between the Ucayali and Madre de Dios regions.
However, this milestone is overshadowed by escalating threats. The park's integrity is at serious risk due to illegal mining, indiscriminate logging, and other projects that disrupt its balance. These activities jeopardize not only its biodiversity but also the lives and rights of communities that depend on the park for survival.
Established in 2004 to safeguard its vast biodiversity, Alto Purús is crucial as a refuge for endangered species. From the majestic harpy eagle to the aguajal forests, the park plays a key role in climate regulation in the region. Its capacity to conserve water resources is vital for both wildlife and human communities.
Additionally, the park is home to indigenous peoples such as the Mashco Piro, Yora, and Amahuaca. For these communities, Alto Purús is not just a natural refuge but also the foundation of their cultural and spiritual identity. Their connection to the land is essential for their survival, and protecting this space is fundamental to preserving their traditions and way of life.
Despite its undeniable importance, Alto Purús faces persistent threats. Illegal mining is one of the most damaging activities, with miners invading the territory to extract gold, harming ecosystems and contaminating rivers with mercury. Illegal logging has also increased in recent years, having devastating consequences for the forests that are crucial for biodiversity conservation.
Moreover, the proposed Puerto Esperanza-Iñapari road has raised alarm. This project could open new access routes to the park, facilitating illegal exploitation of its resources. Environmental and human rights organizations have expressed concern, warning about the impact it would have on isolated indigenous peoples, whose territory would be compromised by economic interests. As many of these organizations assert, 'The protection of isolated indigenous peoples is a matter of justice and humanity.' Respect for their territory must be a priority.
Conserving Alto Purús goes beyond merely celebrating an anniversary. At this critical moment, a firm commitment from the state and civil society is necessary to ensure its protection. Strengthening control and surveillance in the park is essential, ensuring that responsible authorities have the resources and tools needed to prevent illegal activities.
Furthermore, utilizing new technologies for constant monitoring is key. Satellite monitoring, for instance, could be an effective solution to detect and halt illegal mining and logging in real-time. It is also vital to promote greater collaboration with local communities. They are the closest and most effective guardians of the park, and their active participation in conservation strategies is fundamental.
The anniversary of Alto Purús National Park is a timely moment to reflect on its significance and what is at stake. The nature and cultures inhabiting this park are interconnected, and their well-being is crucial for the future of the country. Protecting Alto Purús means not only conserving its biodiversity but also ensuring the survival of the peoples who live there.
As we celebrate two decades of the park's creation on November 20, the true commemoration will be to guarantee its continuity. May Alto Purús continue to be a refuge of life, diversity, and hope against the threats that loom over it daily. The responsibility for its protection lies with us all.