Prehistoric Engravings Reveal Advanced Cognitive Abilities in Early Humans

Stone artifacts discovered in Levant [ləˈvænt] caves, including Manot [ma-ˈnot], Qafzeh [kɑːfˈze], Amud [ʕaːˈmuːd], and Quneitra [qʊˈneɪtʁɑ], display geometric patterns, suggesting advanced cognitive and symbolic behavior among prehistoric humans during the Paleolithic era, which spanned from approximately 2.6 million to 12,000 years ago. A study employing advanced 3D surface analysis distinguished deliberate engravings from functional wear on artifacts from Manot, Qafzeh, and Quneitra, indicating symbolic intent. Artifacts from Amud Cave showed signs of consistent usage as tools. Dr. Mae Goder-Goldberger from Hebrew University [heˈbʁeːʊ ʔʊniˈvɛʁziˌtɛːt] noted the engravings highlight the capacity for symbolic expression and suggest a society with advanced conceptual abilities. Dr. João Marreiros [ʒuˈɐ̃w̃ mɐˈʁɐjɾuʃ] emphasized the methodology provides a comparative framework for studying similar artifacts, enriching our understanding of Middle Paleolithic societies, which existed roughly 250,000 to 45,000 years ago. The similarities in incisions and pattern organization suggest intentional and planned actions, enhancing our knowledge of symbolic behavior and providing valuable perspectives on the cognitive and cultural evolution of early hominins.