The European Space Agency (ESA) has launched a comprehensive initiative aimed at addressing the growing issue of space debris, which poses a significant threat to satellites and space missions. The ESA's recently published "Zero Debris Technical Booklet" outlines strategies to achieve a future with minimal to zero space debris.
Currently, billions of pieces of debris orbit Earth, with over 25,000 fragments larger than 10 cm capable of causing catastrophic damage. The booklet emphasizes that immediate action is needed to prevent the creation of new debris, including the implementation of advanced materials and propulsion systems that minimize debris generation.
Key recommendations include enhancing Space Traffic Coordination (STC) to prevent collisions and improve monitoring systems for existing debris. The ESA also stresses the importance of international cooperation among space-faring nations to standardize guidelines for debris mitigation and removal.
For existing debris, the report advocates for the development of effective de-orbiting technologies. One example is the Clearspace-1 mission, which aims to demonstrate active debris removal by capturing and de-orbiting a defunct satellite. The report highlights the necessity of interoperable systems for various types of space objects and orbital regions.
As space exploration expands, the need for a sustainable approach to managing space debris becomes increasingly urgent. The ESA's initiative represents a significant step towards ensuring the long-term sustainability of outer space activities.