By early 2025, SpaceX plans to conduct a significant in-flight propellant transfer test involving two Starships in low Earth orbit. This demonstration is pivotal for the spacecraft's deep space mission capabilities.
Kent Chojnacki, deputy manager for NASA's Human Landing System program, indicated that the test is scheduled for March 2025. It is part of SpaceX's contract with NASA, worth $53.2 million, aimed at facilitating in-orbit propellant transfer for the Artemis mission to the Moon.
During a previous test flight, SpaceX successfully transferred approximately 10 metric tons of liquid oxygen between Starship tanks in space. The upcoming demonstration will involve two Starships launching weeks apart, docking in orbit, and performing a propellant transfer. Following this, they will undock and return to Earth.
Chojnacki noted the significance of this test, stating it opens up opportunities for transporting substantial payloads beyond Earth's orbit. The in-flight refueling initiative is crucial for developing technologies necessary for sustained lunar presence and crewed Mars missions.
SpaceX aims to launch a Starship version for crewed lunar landings as part of NASA's Artemis 3 mission by September 2026. Preparations include launching between eight and 16 propellant tankers, each carrying 100 to 150 tons of liquid oxygen and methane, to establish an orbiting fuel depot for the Human Landing System.
Despite previous delays, SpaceX has made progress with its Starship program, including a successful fifth test flight of the Super Heavy booster. However, challenges remain before launching two Starships for the critical fueling maneuver, as NASA continues to advance its Artemis program.