Scientists have made a unique discovery that sheds light on the ancient ecosystem of Antarctica. For the first time, amber estimated to be 92 million years old has been found on the continent. This discovery occurred in the Pine Island region of the Amundsen Sea during the Polarstern expedition. The results were published in the journal Antarctic Science.
The amber, named Pine Island, formed during the Cretaceous period when Antarctica was covered with temperate swampy forests of coniferous trees. Analysis revealed inclusions of tree bark remnants, indicating the high quality of the amber. Researchers also found signs of resin production, which trees used to protect damaged bark from pests and fires.
Dr. Johan Klages from the University of Bremen, the lead author of the study, stated, “This is another piece of the puzzle that helps us understand what the ecosystem of Antarctica was like during the Cretaceous period.”
Scientists plan to investigate the inclusions in the amber to find traces of ancient life and study how the forests interacted with the climate and environment millions of years ago.
This finding confirms that all continents once had climatic conditions suitable for the growth of resin-producing trees. Its discovery will allow researchers to delve deeper into the history of ancient forests in Antarctica, as well as the impact of fires and other cataclysms on the continent.