Since 1990, childhood obesity has significantly increased on all continents, nearly doubling in prevalence. Although the United States currently has the highest rates, many other nations are not far behind. For instance, in Southern European countries such as Greece, Italy, and Spain, 10 to 15 percent of children are obese. Eastern European countries are also experiencing a rapid surge in obesity rates.
At a global level, Asia has almost half of all overweight children under five, while Africa accounts for one-quarter of such children. In Latin America, nearly 20% of children under 20 are overweight. This obesity epidemic leads to various health issues, including childhood hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
Recently, a team of scientists led by Florida Atlantic University (FAU) discussed these challenges in a commentary published in The Maternal and Child Health Journal. Study lead author Charles H. Hennekens noted that pediatric overweight and obesity have reached epidemic levels in the U.S. and are becoming a global pandemic.
Hennekens emphasized the need for coordinated clinical and public health efforts to address these troubling trends. In the U.S., a preschooler is considered overweight if their body mass index (BMI) surpasses the 85th percentile. Previous research indicates that such children are at a higher risk of being overweight in adolescence.
Experts warn that increasing physical activity among children is necessary but not sufficient to combat rising obesity rates. Contributing factors include the increase in consumption of ultra-processed foods, which make up nearly 70 percent of the average U.S.-based child's diet.
The scientists argue for a multidimensional approach to tackle the pediatric obesity epidemic. The American Academy of Pediatrics has endorsed World Health Organization guidelines and released recommendations for managing this public health crisis. These include addressing social determinants of health and promoting healthier food options in schools.
Ultimately, the study authors advocate for collaboration across disciplines to reverse these troubling trends and ensure a healthier future for children worldwide.