On September 26, 2024, new findings about the gas giant exoplanet WASP-107b were reported, thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope. This planet, known for its low density and puffed-up atmosphere, has provided scientists with unexpected details through advanced atmospheric observations.
WASP-107b, approximately the size of Jupiter but only one-tenth its mass, has intrigued astronomers for years. Recent observations reveal a surprising east-west asymmetry in the planet's atmosphere, marking a significant step forward in understanding exoplanet dynamics.
Researcher Luis Welbanks from Arizona State University noted that past findings indicated WASP-107b appears puffed up, resembling a popcorn kernel under heat. With the James Webb Telescope, scientists are gaining a clearer three-dimensional picture of atmospheric events, uncovering more complexities to discuss.
The new research, led by Matthew Murphy from the Steward Observatory at the University of Arizona, examined studies conducted in 2024 that identified unexpectedly warmer internal regions and a larger core. This new stage of research highlights the asymmetry between two sides of WASP-107b, likely linked to varying cloud formations or heat transfer changes.
Michael Line, an associate professor at Arizona State University, stated that the source of this asymmetry is intriguing. Initial analysis suggests it may be due to one side of the planet being cloudier, but it could also relate to how heat is transferred in the planet's atmosphere, indicating that one side of WASP-107b heats up faster than the other.
The tidally locked WASP-107b experiences perpetual daylight on one side and constant darkness on the other. These conditions, combined with low gravity and the planet's puffed nature, make it a prime target for atmospheric studies. Researchers utilized transmission spectroscopy to analyze stellar light passing through the planet's atmosphere, allowing them to distinguish signals from the eastern and western edges with unprecedented detail.
Welbanks emphasized the high precision of the James Webb instruments, likening it to having a magnifying glass for observing planets. This capability allows scientists to observe specific processes occurring on each side of WASP-107b's atmosphere, providing valuable insights into how weather operates in such extreme conditions.
With an atmospheric temperature nearing 477 degrees Celsius, WASP-107b ranks among the cooler planets in the solar system and is recognized as one of the hottest known exoplanets, making it a key target for studying atmospheric behavior across various exoplanets.
Murphy remarked that traditional observation methods for these planets have limitations, leaving many unanswered questions. Some computational models suggest that planets like WASP-107b shouldn't exhibit this asymmetry, indicating that new learnings are emerging.
The research team plans to conduct further studies to uncover the cause of this atmospheric asymmetry and deepen their understanding of how unique structures and climates are maintained on exoplanets like WASP-107b.
This study was published in the journal Nature Astronomy.