Recent studies have pinpointed potential locations for life on Mars, focusing on subsurface environments where methane exists. This follows the discovery of methane fluctuations on the planet, which have intrigued scientists regarding the possibility of life.
Despite Mars' harsh surface conditions—extreme cold, thin atmosphere, and high radiation—researchers have turned to Earth for analogs. They identified three promising habitats: microscopic fractures in the Earth's crust, freshwater lakes beneath glaciers, and saline deep-sea basins.
In their analysis, scientists mapped temperature ranges, salinity, and pH levels of these environments, identifying species of methanogens that thrive under conditions similar to those on Mars. The families Methanosarcinaceae and Methanomicrobiaceae showed notable adaptability.
Using available data on Martian subsurface conditions, researchers suggest that Acidalia Planitia, located in the northern hemisphere, offers the best potential for liquid water, essential for life. The required temperatures for liquid water are found at depths of approximately 2.7 to 5.5 miles (4.3 to 8.8 kilometers), making it a prime target for future exploration.