Researchers at Sechenov University of the Ministry of Health of Russia are developing an innovative method for restoring periodontal structures using 3D bioprinting. This technology aims to recreate anatomical areas previously deemed difficult or impossible to reconstruct.
The project is part of the 'Priority 2030' program under the national project 'Science and Universities.'
Periodontal defects occur due to conditions such as gum recession and periodontitis, as well as from injuries. Periodontitis is characterized by bleeding gums, inflammation, and bone loss, potentially leading to tooth loss if untreated.
Current treatments for periodontitis include antibacterial therapy, management of chronic diseases, hygiene practices, and a healthy diet. However, restoring lost periodontal structures remains a challenge. Artificial materials do not always integrate well, and using the patient's own tissues necessitates additional surgeries.
Researchers from the E.V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry and the Institute of Regenerative Medicine propose using a periodontal bioequivalent created from the patient's own cells, biocompatible polymers, and cellular spheroids. This tissue-engineered construct will be fully compatible with the patient's body, eliminating the need for further surgical interventions.
The project has already produced computer tomograms and tissue samples from patients with healthy periodontium. Scientists have developed a 3D model of healthy periodontal tissue and a model of defects, allowing for the design of the bioequivalent's shape and size.
To create the bioequivalent, the patient's own cells will be bioprinted to reconstruct damaged structures. The tissue will then be cultivated in a bioreactor, after which the patient will receive a ready implant and recommendations for preventing disease recurrence.
This method, unique worldwide, aims to restore periodontal tissue in cases of disease and post-traumatic defects, opening new avenues in dentistry and regenerative medicine.
Founded in 1922, Sechenov University is the third oldest medical university in Moscow and is recognized as a leading institution in training dental professionals in Russia.