Asteroid Apophis, named after the Egyptian god of chaos, is once again in the spotlight following the discovery that its orbit is changing, potentially leading to a collision with Earth in 2068. This alarming finding was presented during a virtual meeting of the American Astronomical Society and is based on observations from the Subaru Telescope.
Astronomer Dave Tholen from the University of Hawaii confirmed that Apophis shifts by 170 meters annually from its expected gravitational path due to the Yarkovsky effect. This phenomenon occurs when asteroids absorb sunlight and re-radiate it as heat, creating a small but significant force that alters their orbits over time.
Discovered in 2004, Apophis has a diameter of approximately 300 meters and was initially considered a low risk to Earth in the near future. While the encounter in 2029 poses no threat, its proximity will be unsettling, as the asteroid will pass close enough to fit between Earth and its satellite network. This event will make the asteroid visible to the naked eye, sparking fascination and concern worldwide.
NASA and other space agencies are closely monitoring Apophis and other potentially hazardous asteroids. Detecting orbital-changing effects, such as the Yarkovsky effect, underscores the need for ongoing vigilance. Although the 2029 encounter is safe, updated data raises concerns about the trajectory for 2068, leaving the possibility of a collision open.
In response to potential asteroid threats, NASA is leading the DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) mission. Scheduled for 2024, DART aims to redirect a small asteroid from its path using a spacecraft impact. This mission represents a crucial preparation for future attempts to deflect hazardous objects, ensuring humanity is better equipped for such scenarios.
The approaching Apophis has reignited interest in planetary defense strategies. While the impact in 2068 remains uncertain, this discovery serves as a reminder of the importance of monitoring and preparing for celestial threats. With advanced technology and international cooperation, scientists are striving to protect Earth from potentially catastrophic asteroid impacts.