The European Space Agency's (ESA) ExoMars mission is set to resume with a planned launch in late 2028, aiming to land the Rosalind Franklin rover on Mars in November 2030. This mission seeks to explore the Martian surface for signs of past or present life.
Originally a collaboration between ESA and Russia's Roscosmos, the mission faced significant delays due to geopolitical tensions and the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2022, ESA suspended cooperation with Roscosmos following the invasion of Ukraine, leading to the cancellation of the 2022 launch window. Consequently, the mission was rescheduled, with a new launch window opening in October 2028.
To proceed independently, ESA has secured a contract with Thales Alenia Space for the development of the Entry, Descent, and Landing Module (EDLM). This module is crucial for delivering the rover to the Martian surface. The contract, valued at approximately €522 million, includes the construction of the EDLM and the maintenance of existing rover components.
The Rosalind Franklin rover is equipped with advanced drilling capabilities, allowing it to penetrate up to two meters beneath the Martian surface. This depth is significant for accessing subsurface materials that may contain preserved biosignatures. The mission's landing site, Oxia Planum, is selected for its geological features that could provide insights into Mars' habitability.
ESA is collaborating with NASA for the launch vehicle, with the mission now expected to launch in late 2028. The partnership aims to ensure the mission's success by leveraging NASA's expertise and resources.
As the mission progresses, ESA continues to refine its plans, focusing on the development of the EDLM and the integration of the rover's scientific instruments. The upcoming launch represents a significant step forward in Europe's efforts to explore Mars and search for evidence of past life on the planet.