NASA's Curiosity rover, part of the Mars Science Laboratory mission, has been exploring Mars since its landing in August 2012. This car-sized rover has been instrumental in studying the Martian climate and geology, particularly within Gale Crater and on the slopes of Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons).
Curiosity's mission is to determine if Mars ever had environmental conditions favorable for microbial life. Equipped with advanced scientific instruments, including 17 cameras and a laser, Curiosity has made significant discoveries, such as evidence of ancient lakes and streams, organic molecules, and seasonal methane fluctuations.
Originally designed for a two-year mission, Curiosity has been operating for over a decade, thanks to its radioisotope thermoelectric generator. The rover has traveled over 32 kilometers, ascending Mount Sharp to study different geological layers and observe seasonal changes. The data gathered by Curiosity is essential for understanding Mars' environmental conditions and its potential for past or even present habitability, paving the way for future human missions.
Recent findings include the discovery of long carbon chains in a 3.7 billion-year-old rock sample, as well as the mineral siderite, which may help scientists understand the disappearance of Mars' ancient atmosphere. As Curiosity continues its journey, it provides invaluable insights into the Red Planet's history and its potential to have once supported life.