Growing Concerns Over Space Debris and Asteroid Risks Spur Development of Space Law and International Cooperation

Recent incidents involving space debris and heightened asteroid risk assessments are driving the development of space law and international cooperation. Debris from SpaceX and Blue Origin rockets has landed in various locations, causing flight delays. NASA estimated a 3.1% chance of asteroid 2024 YR4 hitting Earth in 2032, later reduced to 0.004%. Experts emphasize the need for international agreements to manage space activities, mitigate risks from orbital debris, and coordinate planetary defense efforts. The Liability Convention of 1972 addresses responsibility for damage caused by space objects, but enforcement remains a challenge. Low Earth orbit is becoming increasingly crowded with satellites and debris, posing collision risks. Space situational awareness, primarily managed by the U.S. Department of Defense, provides information on potential conjunction events. While international coordination exists, binding agreements on space tracking and collision avoidance are lacking. The United Nations does not operate satellites, but international collaboration occurs through bilateral agreements, data sharing, and scientific programs. Space law aims to govern and coordinate human activity in outer space, addressing issues such as environmental protection, conflict avoidance, and long-term sustainability. It integrates international, domestic, and commercial law to facilitate responsible space exploration and utilization.