NASA, along with private firms and academic institutions, is developing the first space-based quantum sensor for gravity measurement. Announced on April 16, the mission aims to revolutionize quantum sensing, enabling unprecedented observations. Potential applications range from mapping oil reserves to monitoring global freshwater supplies.
The Earth's gravitational field is dynamic, influenced daily by geological processes. Subtle changes, imperceptible at a daily scale, can be mapped using gravity gradiometers. These maps correlate with subterranean features, aiding in resource management, navigation, and national security.
The Quantum Gravity Gradiometer Pathfinder (QGGPf) employs ultra-cooled rubidium atoms as test masses. By measuring the acceleration difference between these matter waves, it can pinpoint gravitational anomalies. This compact instrument, about 0.25 cubic meters and 125 kg, promises higher sensitivity than traditional sensors.
“We could determine the mass of the Himalaya using atoms,” said Jason Hyon, Chief Technologist for Earth Science at JPL. Launch is planned for the end of the decade to test light-matter interaction technologies at the atomic level. This mission aims to validate the technology and advance quantum technology as a whole.