In 2025, a groundbreaking discovery in sustainable materials science emerged from Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) and international collaborators. They engineered innovative cellulose-based foams using an eco-friendly process inspired by bread baking. These foams, developed under the EU-funded BreadCell project, offer a biodegradable and recyclable alternative to conventional oil-derived foams.
These novel foams are designed to replace traditional plastics in various applications. Their versatility allows for use in automotive components, construction insulation, and sports equipment. Researchers have successfully engineered foams with varying densities and structures, optimizing them for specific purposes.
The team discovered that a deliberately induced density gradient improved impact mitigation. This biomimetic design principle, inspired by nature, enhances safety in products like bicycle helmets. The project showcases the potential of natural fiber materials to rival sophisticated synthetic solutions.
Prototypes like bodyboards and shoe insoles have been fabricated and tested, demonstrating the material's real-world applicability. The foams exhibit moisture regulation and sound-absorbing capabilities, broadening their functional appeal. Commercialization has already begun, with a spin-off company producing cushioning insoles.
The project's success is due to interdisciplinary collaboration, including expertise from the University of Vienna and Tecnalia. The biodegradable foam market is experiencing significant growth, with a projected CAGR of 10.5% from 2025 to 2032. Finnish startup Woamy is also entering the market with cellulose-based biofoam for luxury packaging.
Looking ahead, research focuses on enhancing durability and customization. The team is exploring new fiber modifications and additive formulations. This innovation addresses ecological challenges and sets the stage for transformative applications across multiple sectors.