"The world is at some level quantum," and the implications are only beginning to be understood. This year, the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology celebrates a century of quantum mechanics. Quantum science is poised to revolutionize industries from computing to navigation.
Quantum computing, leveraging superposition and entanglement, promises processing speeds exponentially faster than classical computers. IBM notes that problems taking classical computers thousands of years could be solved in minutes by quantum machines. This leap in processing power could transform fields like medicine, materials science, and artificial intelligence.
Quantum communications focuses on secure, undecipherable communication using quantum phenomena. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is one protocol already being tested. Meanwhile, quantum navigation aims for satellite-independent, jam-proof navigation systems, as demonstrated by UK researchers on naval vessels, aircraft, and the London Underground.
Quantum sensing, utilizing atomic-level data collection, enhances accuracy in measurement and navigation. BAE Systems highlights that it uses quantum resources to achieve extreme precision. Quantum sensors, including chemical sensors, clocks, gravimeters, and magnetometers, are becoming more widely available, promising advancements across aerospace, medicine, geology, and environmental management.
Global investment in quantum technologies is soaring, with 28 national governments committing an estimated $40 billion. While China leads the way, countries like the UK, US, and Germany are also making significant investments. Even smaller programs, like South Africa's Quantum Technology Initiative (SA QuTI), aim to foster local quantum technology industries.