A novel enzyme discovered in Australia promises to revolutionize the utilization of lignin, a forestry by-product, converting it into valuable resources for various industries. Discarded lignin, constituting approximately 98% of the forestry waste, can now be processed using a green chemistry approach, extracting high-value molecules that serve as building blocks for compounds like fragrances, flavorings, fuels, and therapeutics.
Dr. Fiona Whelan, a Cryo-electron Microscopist from Adelaide Microscopy at the University of Adelaide, highlights the environmental benefits of this discovery. "Traditional chemical processes for synthesis of these types of chemicals rely on petroleum-based starting compounds and heavy metal catalysts, making them non-renewable and inherently toxic processes," she stated. The new enzyme offers a sustainable alternative, potentially transforming lignin and other biological waste streams into biorefineries for fine chemicals.
Lignin, a prevalent polymer in both hard- and softwoods, accumulates to around 100 million tonnes of waste annually from agriculture and forestry. The traditional methods of processing lignin involve high temperatures, pressures, strong acids, and poisonous solvents, making the process expensive and environmentally damaging.
Researchers identified that a soil bacterium, Amycolatopsis thermoflava, contains enzymes capable of processing lignin molecules cheaply, using hydrogen peroxide to drive the reaction. This enzyme serves as a model for developing green chemistry approaches for generating high-value chemicals applicable in the flavor, fragrance, and medicinal chemistry industries.