Deep-Sea Nodules Generate Electricity, Challenging Origins of Life Theory

A study led by ecologist Andrew Sweetman revealed that polymetallic nodules at a depth of 4,000 meters in the Pacific Ocean generate enough electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis. Published in July 2024, the discovery challenges the traditional view that oxygen was first produced by cyanobacteria photosynthesis 2.7 billion years ago. The research, conducted in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, an area coveted by mining companies for its metals, has sparked debate amid discussions on deep-sea mining regulations. While Sweetman's study suggests a new perspective on the origins of life, experts like Matthias Haeckel and Olivier Rouxel question the validity of the results, citing potential methodological flaws and the chemical equilibrium of the nodules. Five papers challenging Sweetman's conclusions have been submitted for evaluation, but Sweetman maintains that such controversies are common and contribute to scientific progress. The finding has ignited discussions about the ecological impact of deep-sea mining and its potential disruption of delicate ecosystems.