Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery about how certain skin bacteria can protect us from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The study, published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology on May 13, 2025, reveals that specific bacteria on our skin possess an enzyme called urocanase.
This enzyme metabolizes cis-urocanic acid, a compound formed when skin is exposed to UV light. Cis-urocanic acid is known to suppress the skin's immune response, which, while preventing tissue damage from over-activation, can increase the risk of skin cancer by weakening immune surveillance. By breaking down cis-urocanic acid, these bacteria help fine-tune the skin's immune responses, reducing the immunosuppressive effects of UV radiation.
This finding highlights the complex relationship between our skin's microbiome and its ability to defend against environmental stressors. Future research could explore modulating microbial metabolism to develop new sun protection strategies and prevent UV-related diseases, potentially leading to more effective and personalized approaches to skin health.