Dietary Fiber's Role in Cancer Prevention: Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Cellular Control

Increased dietary fiber intake may aid in preventing abnormal cell growth that can lead to cancer, according to a recent study in *Nature Metabolism*. The research highlights the role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), specifically propionate and butyrate, produced when gut microbes break down fiber. These SCFAs, derived from foods like whole grains, nuts, and cruciferous vegetables, can modify DNA-associated proteins (histones), potentially regulating genes linked to cell growth and even triggering self-destruction in cancer cells. In healthy intestinal cells, propionate and butyrate promote regular growth and maintain strong cellular boundaries. Conversely, in cancer cells, these molecules activate genes associated with tumor suppression and cell death, acting selectively without harming normal cells. Experts suggest increasing fiber intake to optimize propionate and butyrate levels in the gut, providing an additional defense against cancer by influencing cell growth and survival. Strategies for increasing fiber intake include replacing refined grains with whole grains, consuming fresh fruit with edible peels, incorporating more legumes into meals, and adding seeds or nuts to salads, yogurt, or cereals.